INTELLECTUAL RACISM
Intellectual racism is this form of racism, of negation of black genius/intellect and is structured around the negrophobic assertions of great philosophers such as E. KANT who said “nature has not endowed the Negro with any feeling that can 'rise above silliness'.
Fighting against this type of abject racism which substantially compromises the scientific and technological progress that humanity can achieve, inevitably involves highlighting the history of black scientists and inventors.
While the history of these Negroes, although slaves, is full of praise for their creativity materialized by the multitude of patents for invention filed before and after the abolition of slavery in 1864 in the USA.
From Sarah GODE (first woman to file a patent), Lewis LATIMER to G. NICCOLO or Philip EMEAGWALI (rightly considered the father of the internet); the number of invention patents filed by blacks and not revealed in history books or other encyclopedic manuals of inventors is inestimable.
“Intelligence has no color; it comes from Heaven, the reason why this Sky shines on the heads of all men to thus signify that intelligence is a universal share within the reach of all men regardless of their racial affiliations” as the author Raphael Ben emphasized GAD in response to E. KANT's assertion. It should be noted that the question of the need to talk about black inventors is justified in view of the partiality of certain publishers and other major personalities of the book world, who are in no way unaware of black inventions (invention patents filed) and their undeniable contributions to the modernization of our civilization, deliberately refuse to include them in history textbooks and encyclopedias of inventors giving the impression to the young generation that the words "invention", "creativity" are "white", and that the world would only have had “white” and never “black” inventors.
Let us note in passing, with all due respect to the followers of KANT and other Africanophobes, that great “white” scientists like Aristotle had formally underlined that Egypt is the cradle of Mathematics, he, a specialist in metaphysics, specifying that the Egyptians were excessively black in skin, and that the entire Western world came to learn in ancient black Egypt. And the Greek scholar Herodotus, an eyewitness, attests that “the ancient Egyptians had black skin and frizzy hair. ".
Far from engaging in historical romanticism, it would be appropriate to highlight certain historical truths about these black inventors. Remember that their invention patents do exist at the INPI level both in France and in the USA, and are therefore undeniable proof and enforceable against all. Let us cite some examples of revolutionary inventors from world history followed by a brief historical overview of their lives before drawing up a non-exhaustive list of some inventions of black men and women:
World's Fastest Computing Computer/Father of the Internet
Born in 1954 in the town of Akura, Philip Emeagwali is a Nigerian who emigrated to the United States and was awarded the highest scientific distinction (the Gordon Bill Prize) for the invention in 1989 of the fastest computing computer in the world. world (A revolution in this field, since it gave its user a decade ahead of the technology of the time) yet the media leave him in virtual anonymity.
And other inventions in the computer field can be attributed to the one we call a genius. He is rightly considered by major American scientific journals as the father of the Internet.
First woman to file a patent
Born in 1850 to slave parents, she was the first woman in the world to file a patent for an invention. Living in Chicago and having noticed the narrowness of city apartments, she decided to invent for the very first time furniture that had several functions (desk, bed). Thus, she innovated multifunction furniture by filing the patent of invention (with technical plan) for a desk that could be transformed into a bed on July 14, 1885.
Although ignored in history, it should be remembered that all manufacturers and large chains of multifunctional furniture stores use his patent.
Multichannel block/Revolutionary civil nuclear process
Born in Gosier in 1923 in Guadeloupe, he is the inventor of the multichannel block (holder of the patent for this technological revolution) which allows the reception of several broadcasts on the same television receiver. This great Guadeloupean scientist is also the inventor of the “process and device for controlling reactivity in the subcritical regime of atomic batteries”, a patent used on behalf of the Atomic Energy Center. This revolutionary invention patent in civil nuclear power is used by countries using civil nuclear power.
But it is regrettable to note that despite the exceptional career of this great scholar born in Guadeloupe, no establishment, school or public, no street, no stele, today bears the name of Georges NICOLO, who died in 1993.
The Electric Light Bulb/Technical drawing of the telephone
Lewis Howard LATIMER was born on September 4, 1848 in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He grew up in Boston. His first patent was registered on February 10, 1874, and related to a “commode for railway wagons”. It was therefore, in 1881, that LATIMER and his fellow inventor, Joseph V. Nichols, obtained a patent for their invention of the first incandescent light bulb with a carbon filament. Before this ingenious discovery for the time, filaments were already made, but they were made of paper. LATIMER senses that Thomas Edison's bamboo filament will be unreliable compared to the initial bulb which will, in fact, only last 30 hours before burning out. He invents the carbon filament and thus makes the bulb more practical.
Lewis Howard LATIMER, pioneer in the development of the electric lamp, was the only black person to be a member of Thomas Edison's research team made up of eminent scientists. LATIMER therefore directed, with Edison, the installation of the electric light system in New York, Philadelphia, Montreal (in Canada) and London (in Great Britain): he will write the first manual on the system of lighting used by the Edison Company and the manual on installing incandescent lighting (the first ever written on the subject).
First assistant to the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, he made drawings, at Alexander Graham Bell, on the first telephone, with a view to obtaining a patent. He died in 1928
Revolutionary in agronomy
George Washington CARVER was born in 1864 (probable date) to slave parents. He obtained a Master of Science degree in agronomy in 1896. CARVER's research also led it to develop 325 peanut products; 108 applications for sweet potato; 75 products derived from pekan nuts. From its work in the development of industrial applications from agricultural products, CARVER derived, from 28 different plants: 118 products including synthetic rubber and more than 500 dyes and pigments. CARVER was the inventor, in 1927, of a technique for producing paint and colors from soybeans for which he obtained three separate patents. In 1928, Simpson College awarded George Washington CARVER the title of Doctor Honoris Causa. He died in 1943.
Let us add to this, this non-exhaustive list of inventions made by men and women of the black diaspora, which have changed the world and will remain essential ad vitam aeternam.
1. THE PARABOLIC ANTENNA: invented on June 7, 1887 by Granville T. Woods
2. THE TRAIN SWITCH: invented on October 31, 1899 by William F. Burr
3. CAPSULES FOR BOTTLES AND JARS: invented on 13.9.1898
4. COMBUSTION ENGINE: invented on July 5, 1892 by Andrew J. Beard
5. GAS MASK: invented on October 13, 1914 by Garett A. Morgan
6. STEAM COOKING TABLE: invented on October 26, 1897 by Carter William
7. EYE PROTECTION LENSES: invented on November 2, 1880 by Powell Johnson
8. THE ELEVATOR: invented on October 11, 1867 by Alexander Miles
9. TRAIN CAR COUPLING DEVICE: invented on 10.10.1899 by Andrew J. Beard
10. THE LANTERN or THE STORM LAMP: invented on August 19, 1884 by Michael C. Hamey
11. THE MECHANICAL PIANO: invented on June 11, 1912 by Joseph H. Dickinson
12. THE REFRIGERATOR (FRIDGE): invented on July 14, 1891 by John Stenard
13. THE SWITCH: invented on January 1, 1889 by Granville T. Woods
14. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER: invented on April 23, 1895 by Clatonia Joaquin Dorticus
15. THE MOP: invented on June 13, 1893 by Thomas W. Steward
16. THE TYPEWRITER: invented on April 7, 1885 by Lee S. Burridge and Newman R. Mashman
17. THE RECORDER HANDLE: invented on January 8, 1918 by Joseph Hunter Dickinson
18. THE TRAIN ALARM SYSTEM: invented on June 15, 1897 by Richard A. Butler
19. THE TERRINE or THE ICE CREAM MOLD: invented on February 2, 1897 by Alfred L. Cralle
20. PAINT AND DYES: invented on June 14, 1927 by George Washington Carver
21. CAR BRAKES: invented on August 6, 1872 by John V. Smith
22. THE KNEADING MACHINE: invented on August 7 by Joseph H. Dickinson
23. THE CORDONNERIE MACHINE: invented on March 20, 1884 by Jan E. Matzeliger
24. THE RESERVOIR FOUNTAIN PEN: invented on January 7, 1890 by William B. Purvis
25. THE ELECTRIC TRAIN TUNEL: invented on July 17, 1888 by Granville T. Woods
26. THE TRAFFIC LIGHT (red light): invented on November 20, 1923 by Garett A. Morgan
27. THE GUITAR: invented on March 30, 1886 by Robert F. Flemmings Jr
28. THE ELECTRIC TROLLEY ON RAIL: invented on September 19, 1893 by Elbert R. Robinson
29. PRESS WINGS (printing): invented on September 17, 1878 by WA Lavalette
30. THE ELEVATOR SAFETY SYSTEM: invented on April 2, 1895 by James Cooper
31. TELEPHONE SYSTEMS AND DEVICES: invented on 10/11/1887 by Granville T. Woods
32. THE LAWN MOWER: invented on May 9, 1899 by John Albert Burr
33. AUTOMATIC GEARS (vehicles): invented on December 6, 1932 by Richard B. Spikes
34. SAFETY DOORS (for weighbridges): invented on October 7, 1890 by Humphrey Reynolds
35. THE THERMOSTAT: invented on March 6, 1928 by David N. Crosthwait Jr
36. THE COMBINE HARVESTER: invented on August 7 by Robert P. Scott
37. AIR CONDITIONING (split): invented on July 12, 1949 by Frederck M. Jones
38. THE GUN TRIGGER (the detonator): invented on May 3, 1897 by Edward R. Lewis
39. AUTOMATIC FISHING DEVICES: invented on May 30 by George Cook
40. THE RAILWAY TELEGRAPH: invented on August 28, 1888 by Granville T. Woods
41. DEVICES for TRANSMITTING messages via electricity: invented on April 7, 1885 by Granville T. Woods
42. FIRE EXTINGUISHER: invented on March 26, 1872 by Thomas J. Martain
43. ELECTRIC WINDOW WASHER: invented September 27, 1882 by AL Lewis
44. THE COTTON PICKER: invented on June 5, 1894 by Georges W. Murray
45. ENGINE LUBRICANTS: invented on November 15, 1898 by Elijah McCoy
46. THE STEAM LUBRICATING MACHINE: invented on July 4, 1876 by Elijah McCoy
47. COMPUTER MAGNETIC TAPE: invented August 24, 1971 by Larry T. Preston
48. RADAR DETECTION ANTENNA: invented on June 11, 1968 by James E. Lewis
49. THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM (FRIGERATOR and FREEZER): invented on November 4, 1879 by Thomas Elkins
50. SIGNAGE (airport markers, cranes, buildings, etc.): invented on March 30, 1937 by Lewis WW. Chubb
51. MELANIN DOSAGE: from the skin, invented by Cheikh Anta Diop
52. SHAMPOO/SOAP/VINEGAR/TOILETRY POWDER: from peanuts, invented by George Washington Carver
53. FLOUR/INK/TAPIOCA/STARCH/SYNTHETIC RUBBER: from the potato, invented by George Washington Carver
54. FIRE-RESISTANT FOAM: used during World War II, invented by Percy L. Julian
55. SYNTHESIS OF PHYSOSTIGMINE: for the treatment of glaucoma, invented by Percy L. Julian
56. PROGESTERONE SYNTHESIS: invented by Percy L. Julian
57. SYNTHESIS OF CORTISONE: invented on August 10, 1954 by Percy L. Julian
58. ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF THE PHEROMONE: invented by Bertram Oliver Fraser-Reid
59. OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS: invented by Bertram Oliver Fraser-Reid
60. CARBON FILAMENT: for the incandescent lamp: invented on June 17, 1882 by Lewis Howard Latimer
61. COOLING and DISINFECTION DEVICE: invented on January 12, 1886 by Lewis Howard Latimer
62. RELIABLE RHEOSTAT: invented by Granville T. Woods on October 13, 1896
63. AN AUTOMATIC COMPRESSED AIR BRAKE: invented by Granville T. Woods in 1905
64. AN ELECTROMECHANICAL BRAKE: invented by Granville T. Woods in 1887
65. AN AUTOMATIC SWITCH of electrical circuits: invented by Granville T. Woods in 1889
66. PACEMAKER (pacemaker regulator): invented by Otis Boykin
67. OPEN HEART OPERATION: invented by Daniel Hale Williams on July 9, 1893
68. SYPHILIS SCREENING TEST: invented by William A. Hinton in 1936
69. COLLET for cervical fractures: invented by Louis Tompkins Wright
70. TREATMENT of VENERAL DISEASES (with aureomycin): invented by Louis Tompkins Wrigh
71. BLOOD PRESERVATION: invented by Charles Richard Drew
72. COMBINATION THERAPY (use of chemotherapy against CANCER): invented by Jane Cooke Wright
73. ANTIDOTE against BARBITURIC OVERDOSE: invented by Arnold Hamilton Maloney
74. ANEMOMETER: invented by Philip G. Hubbard
75. CAMERA-SPECTROGRAPH (carried by Apollo 16): invented by George R. Carruthers